Painting the cathedral was a challenging task, even for Monet. There were calls for the state to buy the entire series and exhibit them as a whole, but these calls were not heeded and the series was divided. The cathedral allowed him to highlight the paradox between a seemingly permanent, solid structure and the ever-changing light which constantly plays with our perception of it. The subject matter was a change, however, for prior to this series, Monet had painted mostly landscapes. The cathedral series was not Monet's first series of paintings of a single subject, but it was his most exhaustive. The subjects did not change, but the visual sensations – due to changing conditions of light – changed constantly." Robert Pelfrey, in Art and Mass Media, wrote: "By focusing on the same subject through a whole series of paintings, Monet was able to concentrate on recording visual sensations themselves. Rouen Cathedral, Facade (sunset), harmonie in gold and blue Like his other series (such as the famous Water Lilies) in which Monet painted many views of the same subject under different lighting conditions, these works are an attempt to illustrate the importance of light in our perception of a subject at a given time and place. For Monet, the effects of light on a subject became as important as the subject itself.
When Monet painted the Rouen Cathedral series, he had long since been impressed with the way light imparts to a subject a distinctly different character at different times of the day and the year and as atmospheric conditions change. Apart from its religious significance, Rouen Cathedral-built in the Gothic style-could be seen as representing all that was best in French history and culture, given that it was a style of architecture that was admired and adopted by many European countries during the Middle Ages. In the early 1890s, France was seeing a revival of interest in Catholicism and the subject of one of its major cathedrals was well received. Camille Pissarro and Paul Cézanne visited the exhibition and praised the series highly. In 1895 he selected what he considered to be the twenty best paintings from the series for display at his Paris dealer’s gallery and sold eight of them before the exhibition was over. Monet rented spaces in Rouen across the street from the cathedral as his temporary studio. The Rouen Cathedral paintings, more than thirty in all, were made in 18 in Rouen, Normandy, then reworked in Monet’s studio in 1894. The paintings in the series each capture the façade of Rouen Cathedral at different times of the day and year and reflect changes in its appearance under different lighting conditions. The Rouen Cathedral series was painted in the 1890s by French impressionist Claude Monet. 1892–1894 series of paintings by Claude Monet Rouen Cathedral, Full Sunlight